* Mobile phones in cars can increase cancer risk - DNA And The Microwave Effect - EMF-News (5/10/02)

Tramès per Klaus Rudolph (Citizens' Initiative Omega)


The Danish engineering mag "Ingeniøren" (the engineer) has this story last week:
"Mobile phones in cars can increase cancer risk"
is the headline.
Citing Christoffer Johansen, research director for cancer.dk, he  says "...the temperaturen inside the brain of Denmarks ca. 4 million mobile subscribers increases with 1/4 degree (centigrade) after 1/2 hours use...this causes concentration difficulties...." He suggests that the antenna should be moved outside the car, to decrease the risk. The auto manufacturer Daimler/Chrysler has issued a warning to customers not to use mobile phones in cars unless the car has an outside antenna. About 1/3 of Daimler/Chrysler's customers have external antennas mounted on their new cars. The new article also referes to the previous articles on mobile phones inside train cars, which we have previously discussed in this group, and the Danish/Swedish studies of mobile phone and cancer also previously posted to this group.

Scott Hill
webmaster@frontiersciences.zzn.com

Informant: cheesedanish2001@yahoo.com


Dear Klaus:  I'm really worried what is being done to Lisa below, and a lot of it is not motivated my goodwill for our EHS cuase. Rather, it is the opposite. Have also just had an email from a friend activist in Canada and his email address has been hijacked and virus laden attachments are bein sent in his name!

Klaus, please forward Lisa's plea below to your large Cc list and ask them to delete her name immediately.  I'm sure you are also aware that all who profess to be supporting us need not have honest intentions! Happens to all activist groups, especially ones that are a threat.

By the way, I am so glad you have extended the debate to include energy weapons. The bio-effects of these are just an extension--and at times a duplication-- of what EHS sufferers feel. Will get back to you on this later. Have to rush here at public library. Time is up.

Let's get Lisa's email off all listings, as soon as possible.

Best,
Imelda


Lisa Gormley wrote:
Subject:
Date: Thu, 3 Oct 2002 09:39:57 +0100
From: Lisa Gormley
To: "Imelda O'Connor" <ehsisreal@yahoo.co.uk>

Imelda,

How are you? Do you recall a week or so ago you e-mailed me to say that
you make sure that my e-mail address was taken off the general
distribution lists? I don't think I have been removed from them - I am
still receiving a lot of messages, most of which are in languages I
don't understand!  Many of the attachments have viruses as well.  I
wonder if you could check this out for me again? Many thanks Imelda,
Regards,
Lisa Gormley
Administrative Officer
Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission


  • DNA And The Microwave Effect
    Penn State University
    January 20, 2001
    Can microwaves disrupt the covalent bonds of DNA? The fundamentals of
    thermodynamics and physics indicate this is impossible. Numerous studies
    have concluded that there is no evidence to support the existence of the
    'Microwave Effect', and yet, some recent studies have demonstrated that
    microwaves are capable of breaking the covalent bonds of DNA. The exact
    nature of this phenomenon is not well understood, and no theory
    currently exists to explain it. This report summarizes the history of
    the controversy surrounding the microwave effect, and the latest
    research results.
    The effectiveness of microwaves for sterilization has been well
    established by numerous studies over the previous decades (Latimer 1977,
    Sanborn 1982, Brown 1978, Goldblith 1967). The exact nature of the
    sterilization effect and whether it is due solely to thermal effects or
    to the 'microwave effect' has been a matter of controversy for decades.
    The dielectric effect on polar molecules has been known since 1912
    (DeBye 1929). Polar molecules are those which possess an uneven charge
    distribution and respond to an electromagnetic field by rotating. The
    angular momentum developed by these molecules results in friction with
    neighboring molecules and converts thereby to linear momentum, the
    definition of heat in liquids and gases. Because the molecules are
    forced to rotate first, there is a slight delay between the absorption
    of microwave energy and the development of linear momentum, or heat.
    There are some minor secondary effects of microwaves, including ionic
    conduction, which are negligible in external heating. Microwave heating
    is, therefore, not identical to external heating, at least at the
    molecular level, and the existence of a microwave effect is not
    precluded simply because the macroscopic heating effects of microwaves
    are indistinguishable from those of external heating.
    During the 1930s the effects of low frequency electromagnetic waves on
    biological materials were studied in depth by physicists, engineers and
    biologists. Studies of the effects of microwaves on bacteria, viruses
    and DNA were performed in the 1960s and included research on heating,
    biocidal effects, dielectric dispersion, mutagenic effects and induced
    sonic resonance. Some of the early biophysicists investigating microwave
    absorption claimed evidence of a 'microwave effect' which was distinct
    in its biocidal effects from the effects of external heating (Barnes
    1977, Cope 1976, Furia 1986). Most biologists in turn claimed there was
    no evidence of a microwave effect and that the biocidal effects of
    microwaves were either due entirely to heating or were indistinguishable
    from external heating (Goldblith 1967, Lechowich 1969, Vela 1978, Jeng
    1987, Fujikawa 1991, Welt 1994). These experiments were repeated with
    increased sophistication right up to the present with the majority
    consensus being that the microwave effect did not exist.
    These experiments typically fell into two categories, 'controlled
    temperature' experiments and 'dry' experiments. In the controlled
    temperature experiments the researchers controlled the temperature of
    the irradiated specimen through various timing, pulsing or cooling
    techniques (Welt 1994, Lechowich 1968).
    For example, Welt (1994) investigated the effects of microwave
    irradiation on Clostridium spores and found no additional lethality
    caused by microwaves that could not be accounted for by conventional
    heating. However, spores may not be representative of microwave
    irradiation effects on active growing bacterial cells. The results of
    this and other experiments showed that controlling the temperature
    prevented biocidal effects, and this was taken as conclusive evidence
    that the microwave effect did not exist. However, the assumption that
    the microwave effect is independent of, and separable from, temperature
    was always implicit in these studies, but was never acknowledged.
    The second type of experiment, the dry experiment, also contains
    unacknowledged assumptions. Studies have shown that in the absence of
    water or moisture, biocidal effects of microwaves are severely
    diminished, or require considerably longer exposures (Jeng 1987, Vela
    1979). This was typically taken as evidence that nonthermal microwave
    effects did not exist, however, since water is the primary medium by
    which microwaves are converted to heat, the absence of biocidal effects
    in the absence of water would only indicate that water is necessary for
    sterilization whether or not heating is the cause. Furthermore, the
    possibility that the specific frequency used, 2450 MHz, only affects
    water and not bacteria or spores was overlooked. DNA has a dielectric
    dispersion, where microwaves are readily absorbed, at much lower
    frequencies than water (Takashima 1984). The experiments may simply be
    indicating that the wrong frequency is being used for targeting 'dry'
    bacteria and spores.
    Most of the studies mentioned above concluded that the microwave effect,
    if it existed, was indistinguishable from the effects of external
    heating. However, it was recently demonstrated (Kakita 1995) that the
    microwave effect is distinguishable from external heating by the fact
    that it is capable of extensively fragmenting viral DNA, something that
    heating to the same temperature did not accomplish. This experiment
    consisted of irradiating a bacteriophage PL-1 culture at 2450 MHz and
    comparing this with a separate culture heated to the same temperature.
    The DNA was mostly destroyed, a result that does not occur from heating
    alone. These photos are borrowed from Kakita et al (1995), permission
    pending. In the Kakita experiment the survival percentage was
    approximately the same whether the samples were heated or irradiated
    with microwaves, but evaluation by electrophoresis and electron
    microscopy showed that the DNA of the microwaved samples had mostly
    disappeared. In spite of the evolving complexity of all the previous
    experiments, electrophoresis had not been used to compare irradiated and
    externally heated samples prior to this.
    Electron microscopy had been used to study the bacteriocidal effects of
    microwaves (Rosaspina 1993, 1994) and these results also showed that
    microwaves had effects that were distinguishable from those of external
    heating.
    The energy level of a microwave photon is only 10-5 eV, whereas the
    energy required to break a covalent bond is 10 eV, or a million times
    greater. Based on this fact, it has been stated in the literature that
    "microwaves are incapable of breaking the covalent bonds of DNA"
    (Fujikawa 1992, Jeng 1987), but this has apparently occurred in the
    Kakita experiment, even though this may be only an indirect effect of
    the microwaves.
    There is, in fact, plenty of evidence to indicate that there are
    alternate mechanisms for causing DNA covalent bond breakage without
    invoking the energy levels of ionizing radiation (Watanabe 1985, 1989,
    Ishibashi 1982, Kakita 1995, Kashige 1995, Kashige 1990, 1994). Still,
    no theory currently exists to explain the phenomenon of DNA
    fragmentation by microwaves although research is ongoing which may
    elucidate the mechanism (Watanabe 1996).
    The results of microwave irradiation affected two
    bacteria, S. aureus and E. coli. The death curves exhibited classic
    exponential
    decay with ab appararent shoulder, as well as a possible second stage.
    These
    curves are based on data from Kakita etal (1999). The microwave
    frequency used in the Kakita study was the standard 2450 MHz used in
    conventional microwave ovens. This is the same frequency that was used
    in essentially all prior studies, except for the earliest studies (which
    looked at lower frequencies), and sonic resonant studies, which looked
    at much higher frequencies. The early studies showed that DNA tended to
    absorb microwave radiation "in the kilocycle range"
    (Takashima 1963, 1966, Grant 1978, Grandolfo 1983), but no biocidal
    effects in
    the range of 1 MHz to 60 MHz were observed.
    One notable exception, however, was an early experiment which found that
    frequencies between 11 and 350 MHz had lethal effects on bacteria, with
    a peak at 60 MHz (Fleming 1944). As far as could be determined, the
    contradiction between the results of Fleming and those of Takashima has
    never been resolved or re-addressed. In any event, there is no evidence
    in these studies to indicate any undue attention was paid to control the
    actual absorbed dose or the precise geometry of the irradiation cell,
    and therefore the differences in the results of these investigators may
    reflect differences in their cell geometries, among other things.
    In summary, it would seem there is reason to believe that the microwave
    effect does indeed exist, even if it cannot yet be adequately explained.
    What we know at present is somewhat limited, but there may be enough
    information already available to form a viable hypothesis.
    The possibility that electromagnetic radiation in the non-ionizing
    frequency
    range can cause genetic damage may have profound implications on the
    current controversy involving EM antennae, power lines, and cell phones.

    A Theory of Microwave Induced DNA

    Covalent Bond Breakage A review of the data from the various referenced
    experiments shows a common pattern -- for the first few minutes of
    irradiation
    there is no pronounced effect, and then a cascade of microbial
    destruction occurs. The data pattern greatly resembles the dynamics of a
    capacitor; first there is an accumulation of energy, and then a
    catastrophic release. It may simply indicate a threshhold temperature
    has been reached, or it may indicate a
    two-stage process is at work. The second stage of this process may very
    well be
    the accumulation of oxygen radicals, which would certainly seem to be
    primary
    suspects as they have a considerable propensity for dissociating the
    covalent bonds of DNA. Oxygen radicals can be generated by the
    disruption of a hydrogen bond on a water molecule. Water molecules exist
    alongside DNA molecules as
    "bound" water, two or three layers thick. These water molecules share
    a hydrogen bond with component atoms of the DNA backbone, including
    carbon,
    nitrogen and other oxygen atoms. At any given point in time one of the
    hydrogen
    atoms may be primarilly bonded to either an oxygen atom on the water
    molecule,
    or to an oxygen (or other) atom on the DNA backbone.
    The fluctuating character of these shared and exchanged bonds is
    enhanced by temperature and by the dynamics induced by microwaves.
    Although the amount of oxygen radicals which may be produced by this
    process cannot presently be determined, the production of some number of
    oxygen radicals is inevitable in these circumstances. It must be noted
    here though, that most of the oxygen radicals produced in this manner
    would exist only briefly, as they would almost immediately bond to the
    nearest available site. If this site is an oxygen atom on the DNA
    backbone, we get a covalent bond break, albeit probably only a brief
    one. Although DNA tends to repair itself naturally, the simultaneous
    breakage of a sufficient number of covalent bonds would lead to a
    catastrophic failure of the entire DNA molecule. Due to the exceedingly
    large number of bonds involved, the matter boils down to a reproducible
    function of pure probabilities. In other words, after a set and
    reproducible amount of time determined by probability functions, you
    would expect to see DNA disintegration. And so, what we have is a
    two-stage process of DNA covalent bond breakage resulting from oxygen
    radicals generated by microwave irradiation. This is one theory, and it
    awaits experimental verification.
    An alternate theory comes from investigators at Fukuoka University in
    Japan. In a series of studies not specifically involving microwaves,
    these investigators established that certain ions can stimulate DNA
    breakage and OH radical production (Kashige eta al 1990, Kashige et al
    1994). They also determined that amino sugars and derivatives could
    induce DNA strand breakage (Kashige et al 1991). It is possible that
    microwaves may be causing generation of cupric ions and hydroxyl
    radicals, and that auto-oxidation of aminosugars in solution are
    involved in DNA strand breakage (Watanabe et al 1990, Watanabe et al
    1986). The link between microwaves and these secondary products remains
    to be established.


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    http://www.engr.psu.edu/ae/wjk/mwaves.html

    another Link: http://www.ludd.luth.se/users/adam/eng/gsm.html


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