Russian report on RF standardization FYI (from Iouri Grigoriev)
Report on The Third International Conference "Electromagnetic
Fields
and Human Health. Fundamental and Applied Research. September
17-24,
2002. Moscow-Saint Petersburg, Russia
RADIO
FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD (RF EMF) STANDARDIZATION FOR
RUSSIAN POPULATION. RETROSPECTIVE RESEARCH AND MODERN POINT
OF VIEW
Grigoriev Ju.G.1, Shafirkin A.V.2, Vasin A.L.3
1SRC RF - Institute of biophysics at the Ministry of health
of RF, Moscow, Russia
2SRC RF - RAS Institute of medical-biological problems, Moscow,
Russia
3Center of bioelectromagnetic compatibility, Moscow, Russia
Singularity of our report lies in our wish to reconstruct
for you the
history of EMF standardization in the USSR, system of this
process
organizing, conducting of corresponding experiments and at
last to
represent you partly the main factual material taken into
consideration
in standardization. In this connection we have provided you
with
supplement in English in form of charts with basic parameters
of
experiments.
Already in 70-es Ministry of health protection, Council of
Ministers of
the USSR, Ministry of defense paid great attention to the
problem of EMF
biological effect research considering its effect on human
health both
in professional conditions and on population as a whole. In
our report
we will concentrate only on radiofrequency EMF range.
Researches were carried out in several directions at the
same time
according to the scheme on picture 1:
- study of EMF biological effect mechanisms;
- study of EM acute and chronic effect in experiments;
- hygienic evaluation of working conditions in manufacturing
connected
with EMF effect and showing up of professional pathology development
features;
- analysis and summarizing of received data and working out
of
sanitary rules (EMF standards) for professionals (controlled
terms) and population.
Conducting of EMF biological effect research (EMF biological
effect
mechanisms study, analysis of bioeffects under acute and chronic
influences, hygienic research and working out of RF EMF standards)
was
commissioned to hygienic institutes in Kiev, Kharkov, Leningrad
and
Moscow, Military medical academy, Central aerospace institute
at the
USSR Ministry of defense, Institute of medical radiology of
the USSR
AMS, USSR AS Institute of biophysics and Institute of biophysics
at the
USSR Ministry of health protection. These institutes had been
funded for
fifteen years.
Special interdepartmental problem commissions, problem commissions
of
USSR AS, USSR Ministry of health protection and USSR Academy
of medical
sciences and Commission of military-industrial establishment
exercised
control over this research. Research results were regularly
discussed in
different scientific and administrative forums.
I would like to emphasize especially that there was no spontaneity
in
studying this problem in the USSR. It's important that some
parts of
these complex research were analyzed, summarized and represented
in more
than 100 Ph.D. and doctoral theses that preliminarily underwent
a
thorough approbation and control of the USSR Supreme attestation
commission after presentation.
Among the leaders of problem research on EMF biological effect
were
academicians: Letavet, M.G. Shandala and L.A. Iljin and also
professors:
Ju.D. Dumansky, Z.V. Gordon, A.G. Subbota, I.G. Akoev, B.I.
Davydov,
Ju.G. Grigoriev.
Already in the 70-es we had rather convincing data confirming
existance
of steady biosystems reactions, including integral organism,
on low
intensity EM acute influence (less than 1 mWt/sm_).
The theme and agenda of the "round table" do not
allow considering in
detail results of these researches. I would like only to state
that
results of previous experiments with acute EM-irradiation
were taken
into consideration in planning of chronic experiments, analysis
of the
received data and in the future in working out of standards.
Furthermore results of hygienic research were used as basic
materials
(working conditions evaluation, establishing of the so called
professional route, data on repeated clinical-physiological
examinations
of professionals comparing with corresponding control groups).
Upon
request of L. Kheifets some results of hygienic research will
be
represented in reports of doctors L. Tomashevskaya, V. Nikitina
and N.
Rubtzova, though it was not planned to report on the results
of this
research direction (hygienic research data) at this "round
table".
Allow me to turn to the main topic of the "round table":
results of
chronic experiments with low intensity RF EMF conducted in
the 70-s.
We picked out twelve experiments on evaluation of RF EMF
influence on
immune system. They are all combined by unified conditions
of
irradiation execution, chosen tests and approaches to the
results
evaluation.
Before starting to give an account to the results of these
experiments I
would like to point out the preliminary research work that
preceded the
conduct of experiments with chronic RF EMF irradiation of
animals and
also the methodological part connected with EM-influence providing
in
these experiments.
I think it's necessary to draw your attention to the fact
that
mathematical planning of experiments preceded conducting of
numerous
chronic experiments with EMF with a view of standardization
in the USSR.
Corresponding publication is represented for your attention:
"Mathematical planning of experiments in EMF biological
evaluation" (See
App. _ 1). Three tasks were formulated in this publication:
1) to randomize as much as possible the conditions of
experiment conducting with the aim to reduce inaccuracies;
2) to receive in each test a polynom model of the studied
factors
effect for their comparative evaluation from the point of
view
of reproducibility, sensibility and definition of factor ranges;
3) to define inoperative level by calculated method in the
received levels with the aim of EMF hygienic regulation.
It was also recommended in this work to use the blind method.
Experimentalists didn't know as a rule, to what level of factor
influence certain animals were exposed. The leading executor
conducting
a certain experiment didn't study the tests but had all information.
Report "Modeling of irradiation conditions in anechoic
chambers and
evaluation of absorbed energy in conducting of biological-hygienic
research" (Djachenko et al) was presented at the USSR
AS scientific
conference (Pushchino, 1982). These materials were published
more in
detail in the leading hygienic magazine "Hygiene and
sanitary" (_ 10,
1985, pp.40-43). The report extract and article text are given
in App. _
2. The irradiation was conducted in anechoic chambers in the
area of
shaped field. It's known that anechoic chamber effectiveness
depends a
lot on what materials absorbent is made of. Thin-layer material
based on
ferrite was chosen as such material. Its working frequency
range was
0,3-15 GHz under reflection coefficient 1-3 %. Chamber size
was 2,5 _
2,5 _ 2,5 m, that allowed to place animals in the area up
to 3 m2 under
upper irradiation in 10% field inhomogeneity.
Good condition parameters of animal keeping were created
in anechoic
chamber (temperature, humidity and air exchange speed). These
parameters
had been kept during experiments for many months.
All irradiation conditions and dosimetry results were also
published in
detail in a hygienic magazine (App. _ 3).
Retrospective
evaluation of experimental research on RF EMF
influence on immune system (Results of twelve chronic experiments
taken
into consideration in working out of standards in the USSR)
Immunological criterion for harmfulness evaluation was declared
the
theoretical and method base of EMF standardization by Soviet
sanitarians
in the 70-s. (Vinogradov G.I., Hygiene and sanitary, 1984,
_4, pp.4-6).
It was noticed that EMF influence negatively on nonspecific
protection
factors. It's the opinion of professors N.N. Klemparskaya
1972 (IBPh
MHP), Vinogradova G.I. 1984,1987 (Kiev scientific-research
institute of
general and communal hygiene) that the role of autoimmune
autoallergic
organism reactions in biological activity evaluation is great
both under
ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
It's known that autoimmune reactions development is connected
with the
fact that antibodies or sensibilized lymphocytes directed
against their
own tissues are generated as a response to the changed albuminous
structures.
Immune system in norm provides constant functioning of natural
immunological tolerance that is one of the main conditions
of existence
of the organism as integrated system. Protection function
failure leads
to the situation when specific immune reaction is directed
against their
own tissues, cells and their constituent parts, i.e. phenomenon
of the
so called autosensibilization appears.
Theoretical and methods basics of autoallergic reactions
evaluation
under environment physical factors influence for ionizing
radiation were
worked out earlier by USSR AS academician R.V.Petrov and professor
N.N.
Klemparskaya in 50-60s in the IBPh MHP and USSR AMS academician
M.G.
Shandala and professor G.I. Vinogradov in Kiev scientific-research
institute of general and communal hygiene. Later in the 70-s
similar
results were received for non-ionizing radiation and for EMF
specifically.
Already first exploring researches at the beginning of the
70-s showed
that RF EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm2 disturbs antigen brain structure
that
leads to appearing of sensibilized lymphocytes and autoimmune
reactions
development.
In experiment with the goal of tissue antigen structure studying
rats
were exposed to irradiation for fourteen days under RF EMF
(2450 MHz)
with PFD 50 mcWt/cm2 (chart 1). Using method of active anaphylaxis
with
desinsibilization the authors showed that antigen tissue content
changed
after irradiation: in brain, liver, kidney, spleen, new antigens
appear.
In this experiment they particularly studied dynamics of antibody
formation for brain tissue in RF EMF irradiated animals. Twenty-five
rats were taken for the experiment, twenty of which were irradiated
with
RF EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_ for fourteen days. Serum of these
rats and
of 5 control ones was investigated in complement binding reaction
(CBR)
for content of antibodies for brain tissue of normal and irradiated
rats. The reaction was given before irradiation, right after
it and every week
after EMF influence for a month. In plate 1 (chart 1) data
on
complement binding reaction are given in rats of experimental
groups
and of control one.
Complement binding reactions (CBR) in serum studies before
irradiation
and in control animals were negative*. Experimental rats had
antibodies
both for normal and changed in antigen brain tissue as a result
of RF
EMF influence. The highest antibrain antibody titers were
registered in
2-3 weeks after irradiation (titer logarithm was correspondingly
2,46 ±
2 and 2,51 ± 0,6). In four weeks antibody titer began
to decrease, and
so did the amount of positive reactions. Formation of antibodies
for
healthy tissue antigens occurred similarly though the titers
were much
lower.
Thus already the beginning of research showed that RF EMF
with PFD 50
mcWt/cm_ influence could bring to changes in tissue and serum
albumen
antigen structure. These changes are characterized with appearing
of a
new antigen feature that was unusual for normal albumen and
with
disappearing of some normal antigens, i.e. tissue antigen
structure
change happened. But this conclusion demanded its confirmation
and
development. In this connection several experiments in more
complex
modifications were carried out later.
An experiment was carried out with the aim to find antitissue
circulating antibodies in animals irradiated be EMF for a
longer time
(30 days) using complement binding reaction CBR (chart 2).
As an antigen
for the considered reaction the authors took 20% water-saline
extract
(dilution 1:15) of brain tissue of healthy animals and animals
that were
exposed with RF EMF for 30 days, 7 hours a day with PFD 50
mcWt/cm_.
In order to get antigen from irradiated brain tissue donor-animal
brain
was used that were in the same conditions as the experimental
animals.
Donors were killed right after irradiation finishing. The
experiments
were given in three kinds of animals: rats, guinea pigs and
rabbits.
Blood for complement binding reaction (CBR) was taken before
and right
after irradiation finishing, and then in 2,4,6 and 8 weeks.
The results
of this experiment in guinea pigs and rats are represented
in plate 2.1
(chart 2). The investigators noticed that irradiation of animals
(guinea-pigs and rats) by RF EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_ brings
to
violation of brain cell albumen structures and development
of
circulating antibrain antibodies.
There was certain dynamics of this process showing from our
point of
view a possible cumulation of the noticed effects in time
after
irradiation. Guinea-pig antibody titer increased greatly after
irradiation finishing and reached its maximum in two weeks
after it
(titer logarithm was 2,77 ± 0,04).
*A positive reaction was complement-binding reaction CBR if
the antibody
titer was higher than 1:20; in control group this value was
not determined.
Similar direction of complement binding reaction (CBR) changes
was when
using healthy guinea-pig brain tissue as an antigen. But the
antibody
titer height was lower and antibodies were found in fewer
experimental
animals. Control guinea pigs had negative complement binding
reactions
(CBR). Similar changes were found in rats (see plate 2.1,
chart 2).
Though rabbits were exposed to radiation only for 10 days,
the same CBR
changes dynamics was received as in guinea pigs and rats.
Thus experiments on guinea pigs, rats and rabbits showed
statistically
reliably that antibodies for brain tissue appear in animals
as a result
of chronic RF EMF exposure with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_. This process
was
noticed also when using brain tissue of both irradiated and
non-irradiated animals as antigens. The highest complement-binding
antibody titers were on 10-14 days after irradiation.
The data of the next experiment show sufficient durability
of this
process (chart 3). Using Yerne method in N. Kleparskaya's
modification,
cellular autoimmune reaction was studied by determining the
amount of
plaque-forming cells, synthesizing antybodies for their own
red
corpuscles in blood. The experiment was carried out on guinea
pigs and
white rats that were exposed to radiation for a month with
PFD 50
mcWt/cm_. Yerne reaction was conducted before irradiation,
right after
it and then in 2 and 4 weeks. The study results are given
in plate 3.1
(chart 3).
The given data show that statistically important increase
of
plaque-forming cells took place on the 2nd week after irradiation
and
was rather stable. In 4 weeks after EMF influence the rate
of these
cells was still high.
Attention should be paid to correlation in content of cells
producing
antibodies for red corpuscles in blood and in increased circulating
antibody titer shown in the previous experiment (plate 2.1
chart 2) with
maximum changes in 2 weeks after irradiation.
Later the following experiment was carried out with the task
of studying
damaging features of blood serum under RF EMF exposure on
the basis of
changing in cell ability for phagocytosis (chart 4).
Fifteen guinea pigs were taken for the experiment that were
exposed
to RF EMF for a month with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_. Phagocytosis reaction
was
evaluated three times: before irradiation, in 2 and 4 weeks
after its
finishing. Results of phagocytosis reaction in aftereffect
period
(after irradiation finishing) are given in plate 4.1 (chart
4). The
mentioned data show that serum of EMF irradiated animal organism
brings expressed oppressive effect both to phagocytosis value
and
phagocytosis index mark. This influence was especially expressed
in 2
weeks after irradiation and kept for 2 weeks.
Summarizing these three experiments we can make a conclusion
about
autoallergic character of the process under study in animals
exposed to
low intensity RF EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_.
Later in repeated experiment (chart 5) rats were exposed
to EMF for 7
hours daily for 30 days with PFD 50 and 500 mcWt/cm_. At the
end of
irradiation basophile degranulation degree in blood serum,
plaque-forming cell rate and complement-binding antibody level
was
evaluated. In complex these reactions were autoimmune process
activity
indicator as they showed forming of complement-binding antibodies
for
tissue antigen and forming of autoimmune hemolysis plaques.
25% water-saline extract of brain tissue of donor-animals
irradiated
with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ for 30 days. This experiment results
are given in
plate 5.1 (chart 5).
Analysis of results represented in plate 5.1 indicates that
low
intensity EMF 500 and even 50 mcWt/cm_ for 30 days and 7 hours
daily
facilitated forming of antibrain complement-binding autoantibodies
level
of which was reliably higher than in control.
Even sharper differences from control were in basophile degranulation
degree that increased in 4,6 and 5,5 times (_<0,001) after
irradiation with PFD 50 and 500 mcWt/cm_ and in plaque-forming
cell
quantity that increased in 5,5 and 10 times (_<0,001).
Brain, spleen, marrow and peripheral blood morphological
research was
also carried out under the same conditions of animal RF EMF
irradiation.
Spleen and marrow morphological research data after EMF irradiation
with
500 mcWt/cm_ are represented in plate 6.1 (chart 6). Attention
is paid
to the processes of differentiation and reproducing of
reticuloendotelium, blasts, lymphocytes and plasmatic cells.
As the data in plate 6.1 show, after animal irradiation with
PFD 500
mcWt/cm_ reticuloendotelium cell quantity marrow increased
2,2 times and
in spleen about 2 times. Plasmatic cell quantity in marrow
and in spleen
increased 4 times and small lymphocytes decreased in marrow
for 40%. In
the group of animals exposed to EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_ only
increase
of reticuloendotelium cell quantity in spleen was noticed
that can
indicate some increase in reticuloendotelium system activity.
In the next experiment the model is reproduced that allows
showing that
low intensity EMF are able to induce autoimmune reactions
(chart 7). In
this experiment irradiated donor brain extract was inserted
into healthy
animals. For immunization 25% water-saline resolution of brain
tissue
extract of donor-animals exposed to microwaves with PFD 50
and 500
mcWt/cm_ for 30 days that contained 0/9 g/l albumen. Immunization
scheme
provided six-time intraperitoneal brain tissue insertion every
24 hours.
In 2-3 weeks after immunization finishing animals were studied
for
basophile degranulation degree, plaque-forming cell content
and
complement-binding antibody rate. This experiment results
are given in
plate 7.1 (chart 7). It is shown that in the group of animals
immunized
with brain tissue of irradiated rats with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_
all
indicators differ statistically reliably from the ones in
control being
2 ½ 8 higher, that shows autoimmune reaction development
in
experimental animals. Intact rats' immunization with brain
tissue of
donor-animals exposed to EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_ didn't bring
to
development of firm autoimmune pathology. Significant changes
were
noticed only in 2 weeks in basophile degranulation degree
indicator (see
data in plate 7.1).
Thus insertion of brain tissue of rats exposed to microwaves
with PFD
500 mcWt/cm_ to intact animals induces in them autoimmune
reactions. 50
mcWt/cm_ exposure induces less expressed immune reaction.
As we mentioned before, according to the literature data
the evidence of
autoimmune nature of this or that status induced by an exogenous
factor
is transfer of this status into another organism with the
help of
lymphoid cells (Vitebsky E. Immunology and immunopathology
modern
problems. M. Medicina 1970, pp. 129-137).
Essence of adaptive immunity phenomenon is that immunologically
active
tissue continues to function immunologically being transferred
into
another host. According to F.Bernet's theory "excluded"
cell clones
exercise immunology aggression against normal tissues (F.Bernet.
Cellular immunology. M.: Mir,543 p.). And haematogenous tissue
in
contrast with other tissue under replanting stimulates immune
response
of recipient remaining inert and immune-competent cells are
able
themselves to respond to recipient (Petrov R.V. Immunology
and
immunogenetics. _.: Medicine, 1976 336p.).
Reasoning from these notions the following experiment was
carried out
(chart 8). Experiments were given on male Fisher rats. On
the first
stage preparation of the donor-animals was exercised (12 rats)
that were
exposed to RF EMF radiation with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ for 15 days,
7 hours
daily. The same amount of animals was in control group ("false"
irradiation). After irradiation finishing immunological indicators
of
animals were studied, then they were killed, brain was taken
for
histological studies and lymphatic glands were extracted for
preparation
of lymphoid cell soliquid.
On the second stage lymphoid cells amounting 5 106 in 1 ml
were inserted
intraperitoneally into 12 animal recipient from irradiated
rats
(experiment) and into 12 rats from "false-irradiated"
animals (control).
In 6 days after soliquid insertion brain immunological research
was
carried out.
The following indicators (A) of donors' and recipients' humoral
immunity were studied:
- basophile degranulation degree;
- plaque-forming cell quantity;
- complement-binding antibody rate in complement consumption
reaction (25% water-saline extract of not irradiated animal
brain
tissue was used as antigen). Among cellular immunity indicators
(B)
lymphocyte blasttransformation reaction was also studied.
The results of irradiation of donor-animals by RF EMF with
PFD 500
mcWt/cm_ for 15 days were the following: antibodies for brain
tissue
appeared, basophile degranulation degree increased a lot,
plaque-foming
cell quantity increased 4-5 times in peripheral blood, two-times
oppression of both spontaneous blastforming and one modified
by
different mitogens (phytohemagglytinin (FGA) and concanavalin-A
(CON-A)
occurred. These data are given in plate 8.1 (chart 8).
In brain histological study nidal soft brain sheath loosening,
its
moderate plethora, nucleus ectopy and their irregular form
in some
sensomotor bark neurocytes and cerebellum ganlionic layer
cells were
noticed. Most animals had microglia proliferation and some
vascular
reactions.
In this repeated experiment same results were received as
in monthly
irradiation that I represented before, i.e. previous research
results
were confirmed on possible stimulation of autoimmune processes
in animal
organisms exposed to RF EMF with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ against
cellular
immunity oppression.
Thus the represented results in experiments with insertion
of
immunecompetent cells from animals exposed to irradiation
with PFD 500
mcWt/cm_ for 15 days to recipients (plate 8.1 chart 8) indicate
the
development of autoimmune reactions and antibody formation
against
normal brain tissue in them. Basophile degranulation degree
significantly grew, plaque-forming cell and complement-binding
antibody
quantity rose, lymphocyte blastforming process was oppressed.
In
histological study of experimental animal-recipient brain
insignificant
changes were noticed in different brain structures.
Immune deficiency in lymphocyte thymusdependant cell population
(cellular immunity status) plays an important role in
autosensibilization. In experiment with rats under their long
irradiation with EMF 2375 MHz for a month, 7 hours daily with
PFD 50 and
500 mcWt/cm_ significant oppression occurred of rat peripheral
blood
T-lymphocyte blasttransformation that was more expressed in
a higher PFD
level (plate 9.1. chart 9). Under 500 mcWt/cm_ function restoration
didn't take place even in 3 months of afterwards observation.
EMF
influence on pregnancy development, foetus and posterity
It's known that natural tolerance in foetus development antenatal
period
forms only against its own antigens accessible for immunecompetent
cells. Speaking of the antigens of organs, that are isolated
in
embryogenesis and not available for immune system, there is
no
immunological tolerance.
In case of appearing of such antigens in circulation of grown-up
organisms immune reaction with antitissue antigen and sensibilized
autoaggressive lymphocyte accumulation develops. Such "over-barrier"
organs and systems include also brain. Antigens contained
in brain are
able to induce immune reactions when inserting in blood of
their own
organism, as they are alien for their own immune system.
In the experiment on Wistar rats' low intensity RF EMF influence
(500
mcWt/cm_) was researched on possible development of autoimmune
reaction
in pregnant female rats (chart 10). It was received that non-irradiated
animal pregnancy development doesn't bring to significant
appearing of
antibodies in blood. Percentage of plaque-forming cells was
1,1±0,2, at
the same time their content in peripheral blood of irradiated
females
increased by the pregnancy end in 6,5 times and reached 7,3
±1,5 %
(plate 10.1, chart 10).
Peripheral blood basophile indirect degranulation reaction
data also
point out to pregnant rat autosensibilization development.
It was shown
that when using foetus liver as antigen basophile degranulation
degree
increases in pregnant rat exposed to EMF irradiation (experiment
56,7±2,6 %, control 12,9 ±1,9 %).
Pregnant female irradiation brings also to non-specific oppression
of
immunogenesis apparatus as a whole that can be seen in almost
two-times
decrease of immunecompetent cell ability to stimulation under
influence
of lymphocyte FGA blasttransformation (see plate 10.1).
Thus EMF influence with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ during the whole
rat pregnancy
period brought to oppression of non-specific immunogenesis,
antibody
formation increase against foetus tissues and also led to
autoimmune
reaction stimulation in pregnant female organism.
Experiments were carried out on evaluation of possible influence
on
foetus development and posterity status of autoimmune processes
in
pregnant female organism under RF EMF effect (chart 11). Donor-rats
were
exposed to EMF (2375 MHz) for 30 days, 7 hours daily, with
PFD 500
mcWt/cm_. After determination of antiliver antibodies in serum
it was
intraperitoneally inserted into rats on the 10th day of pregnancy.
The
received data are summarized in plate 11. Thus fall amount,
posterity
number decreased and the amount of females with amblosis.
Embryo
mortality was significant (28 %) and missed in control. Significantly
higher posterity mortality was noticed for the end of the
1st month of
life (30,7 % compared to 17,1 % in control).
Thus EMF irradiation with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ brings to appearing
of
circulating autoantibodies directed against foetus tissue,
i.e. mother
and foetus immunology conflict condition develops, that leads
to
expressed unfavorable effects in posterity.
In some other works cellular immunity of posterity from parents
irradiated by RF EMF with PFD in the range of 10-500 mcWt/cm_
was
studied (chart 12). The results of these works indicated that
both
foetus and posterity had blastformation process oppression
for the next
4 months. Non-irradiated females' foetus (in control) blastforming
lymphocyte percentage was 24 ±1,4, and under exposure
with PFD 500
mcWt/cm_ it decreased four times indicating significant oppression
of
their blastformation process (plate 12.1).
Data on lymphocyte blasttransformation quantity in young
rats of
different ages (1-4 months) under different ranges of low
intensity EMF
effect (PFD 10, 50 _ 500 mcWt/cm_) on pregnant females are
given in
plate 12.2. These data show distinctly that posterity of irradiated
females with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ in all study times for 4 months
had
peripheral blood lymphocyte blasttransformation process oppression.
The
authors noticed also cellular differentiation violations in
posterity of
white rats irradiated by EMF with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_.
Thus the represented materials of a small part of experiments
bring us
to a single conclusion that long RF EMF effect (2375-2450
MHz) on
experimental animals in the range of PFD 50-500 mcWt/cm_ (when
the role
of the so called thermal effect is absolutely insignificant)
brings to
appearing of distinct stable bioeffects.
On the basis of results of experimental studies for the latest
30 years
and the received distinct repeated true results under RF EMF
chronic
influence standardization strategy in the USSR and later in
Russia in
this frequency range was and still is built on the following
principles:
1. Acute one-time RF EMF irradiation bioeffects are taken
into account
in the nearest period with different PFD values (thermal and
non-thermal mechanisms).
2. Chronic low intensity EMF exposure results on experimental
animals
are considered, and so are results of clinical-physiological
observations and hygienic studies in controlled conditions.
3. Influencing factor rate is admitted unfavorable if there
is
reliable deviation of any vitally important organism function
that
leaves the limits of physiological swings of this function
and is
firmly kept for the period of chronic influence and after
its cessation.
4. Reduction of adaptation abilities of the organism and its
regulations shown with the help of functional physiological
and
extreme loads is considered as dangerous one.
5. Fractional part of electromagnetic field minimum rate able
to
induce any reaction exceeding normal adaptive response of
the
organism in certain EMF influence conditions is taken for
limit
allowable level for population. This influence should not
cause even
temporary homeostasis violation (including reproduction function)
and
protective and adaptation-compensatory mechanism tension either
in
the nearest or in the remote time period.
Exactly from these positions the received data represented
already by
myself and those that will be represented by doctors L.Tomashevskaya,
V.Nikitina and N.Rubtsova were evaluated by the specialists
in the USSR
(Russia).
There is one more aspect of this problem. Whether we can
use SAR concept
for such low PFD (100-500 mcWt/cm_) that still has been actively
incorporated in working out of standards and hazard evaluation?
And if
we also take into consideration the great role of EMF modulation
in
bioeffects developing and strengthening it becomes clear why
the issue
of this concept revision is so often raised in some European
countries
and in the USA. (W. Ross Adey, 1999). From Paper by W. Ross
Adey (Review
of Radio Science, 1996-1999. Oxford Univ.Press,1999, pp 845-872):
"Observation of these modulation frequency - dependent
bioeffects would
appear to raise significant question concerning validity of
continued
use of thermally based Specific Absorbtion Rate (SAR) as a
universally
valid predictor of bioeffects atributable to RF field exposure.
It is
clearly a blanket measure blind to specifics of field characteristics
that may be critical determinats of the biological response
in many
athermal exposures".
Thank you very much for your attention!
Informant: Don Maisch
SPANISH
COURT ORDERS TELEPHONE MAST REMOVAL
Communications firm vows to appeal against precedent-setting
judgement
THE WEEK IN REVIEW (ISSUES 1016-1020)
A summary of Environment Daily stories published Monday 25
June to
Friday 29 June 2001
Environment Daily 1020, 29/06/01
A Spanish mobile telephone operator is to appeal against a
judge's
decision last week ordering the removal on health grounds
of a mobile
phone transmitter from the roof of a residential building.
Thought to be the first decision of its kind in the EU, the
judgement
made at a court in Bizkaia, northern Spain, requires mobile
telephone
operator Airtel to remove the equipment until it can demonstrate
that
the radiation emitted poses no health risks to residents in
the building.
The judge decided that "reasonable grounds exist for
suspecting that
the radiation from the transmitter is not innocuous to people
permanently exposed to its effects". Residents had previously
agreed
to installation of the equipment in return for financial compensation
from the company.
A spokesperson for Airtel told Environment Daily that the
company will
appeal against the verdict "to the Supreme Court if necessary
to
prevent the decision establishing a legal precedent".
A company
statement described the decision as "the first time in
Europe a court
has ordered the removal of a legally-installed transmitter".
A
spokesperson for GSM Europe, which promotes international
mobile
telephone communication, said she had no knowledge of any
other European
court passing a similar judgement.
Follow-up: Airtel http://www.airtel.es/,
tel: +34 60 713 3333; GSM
http://www.gsmworld.com/,
tel: +44 20 75 18 05 30.
Environment Daily. ISSN 1463-1776
Published by Environmental Data Services (ENDS)
Also on the web, at http://www.environmentdaily.com
E-mail: info@environmentdaily.com
Fax: +44 20 74 15 01 06
Subscriptions, Tel: +44 20 78 14 53 53
Editorial, Tel: +44 20 78 14 53 20
Post: 40 Bowling Green Lane, London EC1R 0NE, UK
Informant: Robert Riedlinger: message from Manuel Nuno
Alcada to Roy
Beavers
Re:
NTSB-Cell Phone Use and Novice Drivers
In Ireland, it is illegal (and rightly so) for any driver
to use a hand
held cellphone when driving.
Informant: intuition
O.T.
Petition
To Help Animals on U.S. National Lands
http://www.care2.com/go/z/6431
Blair
aide concedes error on Iraq dossier
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33992-2003Jun26.html
Delusions
of empire
http://slate.msn.com/id/2084881/
My
America vs the Empire
http://www.counterpunch.org/
Biotech
woes ... and the culprits
http://cei.org/gencon/019,03538.cfm
Informant: Thomas L. Knapp
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