* Russian report on RF standardization - SPANISH COURT ORDERS TELEPHONE MAST REMOVAL - Re: NTSB-Cell Phone Use and Novice Drivers - O.T. themes (27/6/03)

Russian report on RF standardization FYI (from Iouri Grigoriev)


Report on The Third International Conference "Electromagnetic Fields
and Human Health. Fundamental and Applied Research. September 17-24,
2002. Moscow-Saint Petersburg, Russia

RADIO FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD (RF EMF) STANDARDIZATION FOR
RUSSIAN POPULATION. RETROSPECTIVE RESEARCH AND MODERN POINT OF VIEW

Grigoriev Ju.G.1, Shafirkin A.V.2, Vasin A.L.3

1SRC RF - Institute of biophysics at the Ministry of health of RF, Moscow, Russia
2SRC RF - RAS Institute of medical-biological problems, Moscow, Russia
3Center of bioelectromagnetic compatibility, Moscow, Russia

Singularity of our report lies in our wish to reconstruct for you the
history of EMF standardization in the USSR, system of this process
organizing, conducting of corresponding experiments and at last to
represent you partly the main factual material taken into consideration
in standardization. In this connection we have provided you with
supplement in English in form of charts with basic parameters of
experiments.

Already in 70-es Ministry of health protection, Council of Ministers of
the USSR, Ministry of defense paid great attention to the problem of EMF
biological effect research considering its effect on human health both
in professional conditions and on population as a whole. In our report
we will concentrate only on radiofrequency EMF range.

Researches were carried out in several directions at the same time
according to the scheme on picture 1:
- study of EMF biological effect mechanisms;
- study of EM acute and chronic effect in experiments;
- hygienic evaluation of working conditions in manufacturing connected
with EMF effect and showing up of professional pathology development
features;
- analysis and summarizing of received data and working out of
sanitary rules (EMF standards) for professionals (controlled
terms) and population.

Conducting of EMF biological effect research (EMF biological effect
mechanisms study, analysis of bioeffects under acute and chronic
influences, hygienic research and working out of RF EMF standards) was
commissioned to hygienic institutes in Kiev, Kharkov, Leningrad and
Moscow, Military medical academy, Central aerospace institute at the
USSR Ministry of defense, Institute of medical radiology of the USSR
AMS, USSR AS Institute of biophysics and Institute of biophysics at the
USSR Ministry of health protection. These institutes had been funded for
fifteen years.

Special interdepartmental problem commissions, problem commissions of
USSR AS, USSR Ministry of health protection and USSR Academy of medical
sciences and Commission of military-industrial establishment exercised
control over this research. Research results were regularly discussed in
different scientific and administrative forums.

I would like to emphasize especially that there was no spontaneity in
studying this problem in the USSR. It's important that some parts of
these complex research were analyzed, summarized and represented in more
than 100 Ph.D. and doctoral theses that preliminarily underwent a
thorough approbation and control of the USSR Supreme attestation
commission after presentation.

Among the leaders of problem research on EMF biological effect were
academicians: Letavet, M.G. Shandala and L.A. Iljin and also professors:
Ju.D. Dumansky, Z.V. Gordon, A.G. Subbota, I.G. Akoev, B.I. Davydov,
Ju.G. Grigoriev.

Already in the 70-es we had rather convincing data confirming existance
of steady biosystems reactions, including integral organism, on low
intensity EM acute influence (less than 1 mWt/sm_).

The theme and agenda of the "round table" do not allow considering in
detail results of these researches. I would like only to state that
results of previous experiments with acute EM-irradiation were taken
into consideration in planning of chronic experiments, analysis of the
received data and in the future in working out of standards.

Furthermore results of hygienic research were used as basic materials
(working conditions evaluation, establishing of the so called
professional route, data on repeated clinical-physiological examinations
of professionals comparing with corresponding control groups). Upon
request of L. Kheifets some results of hygienic research will be
represented in reports of doctors L. Tomashevskaya, V. Nikitina and N.
Rubtzova, though it was not planned to report on the results of this
research direction (hygienic research data) at this "round table".

Allow me to turn to the main topic of the "round table": results of
chronic experiments with low intensity RF EMF conducted in the 70-s.

We picked out twelve experiments on evaluation of RF EMF influence on
immune system. They are all combined by unified conditions of
irradiation execution, chosen tests and approaches to the results
evaluation.

Before starting to give an account to the results of these experiments I
would like to point out the preliminary research work that preceded the
conduct of experiments with chronic RF EMF irradiation of animals and
also the methodological part connected with EM-influence providing in
these experiments.

I think it's necessary to draw your attention to the fact that
mathematical planning of experiments preceded conducting of numerous
chronic experiments with EMF with a view of standardization in the USSR.
Corresponding publication is represented for your attention:
"Mathematical planning of experiments in EMF biological evaluation" (See
App. _ 1). Three tasks were formulated in this publication:

1) to randomize as much as possible the conditions of
experiment conducting with the aim to reduce inaccuracies;
2) to receive in each test a polynom model of the studied factors
effect for their comparative evaluation from the point of view
of reproducibility, sensibility and definition of factor ranges;
3) to define inoperative level by calculated method in the
received levels with the aim of EMF hygienic regulation.

It was also recommended in this work to use the blind method.
Experimentalists didn't know as a rule, to what level of factor
influence certain animals were exposed. The leading executor conducting
a certain experiment didn't study the tests but had all information.

Report "Modeling of irradiation conditions in anechoic chambers and
evaluation of absorbed energy in conducting of biological-hygienic
research" (Djachenko et al) was presented at the USSR AS scientific
conference (Pushchino, 1982). These materials were published more in
detail in the leading hygienic magazine "Hygiene and sanitary" (_ 10,
1985, pp.40-43). The report extract and article text are given in App. _
2. The irradiation was conducted in anechoic chambers in the area of
shaped field. It's known that anechoic chamber effectiveness depends a
lot on what materials absorbent is made of. Thin-layer material based on
ferrite was chosen as such material. Its working frequency range was
0,3-15 GHz under reflection coefficient 1-3 %. Chamber size was 2,5 _
2,5 _ 2,5 m, that allowed to place animals in the area up to 3 m2 under
upper irradiation in 10% field inhomogeneity.

Good condition parameters of animal keeping were created in anechoic
chamber (temperature, humidity and air exchange speed). These parameters
had been kept during experiments for many months.

All irradiation conditions and dosimetry results were also published in
detail in a hygienic magazine (App. _ 3).

Retrospective evaluation of experimental research on RF EMF
influence on immune system (Results of twelve chronic experiments taken
into consideration in working out of standards in the USSR)


Immunological criterion for harmfulness evaluation was declared the
theoretical and method base of EMF standardization by Soviet sanitarians
in the 70-s. (Vinogradov G.I., Hygiene and sanitary, 1984, _4, pp.4-6).
It was noticed that EMF influence negatively on nonspecific protection
factors. It's the opinion of professors N.N. Klemparskaya 1972 (IBPh
MHP), Vinogradova G.I. 1984,1987 (Kiev scientific-research institute of
general and communal hygiene) that the role of autoimmune autoallergic
organism reactions in biological activity evaluation is great both under
ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.

It's known that autoimmune reactions development is connected with the
fact that antibodies or sensibilized lymphocytes directed against their
own tissues are generated as a response to the changed albuminous
structures.

Immune system in norm provides constant functioning of natural
immunological tolerance that is one of the main conditions of existence
of the organism as integrated system. Protection function failure leads
to the situation when specific immune reaction is directed against their
own tissues, cells and their constituent parts, i.e. phenomenon of the
so called autosensibilization appears.

Theoretical and methods basics of autoallergic reactions evaluation
under environment physical factors influence for ionizing radiation were
worked out earlier by USSR AS academician R.V.Petrov and professor N.N.
Klemparskaya in 50-60s in the IBPh MHP and USSR AMS academician M.G.
Shandala and professor G.I. Vinogradov in Kiev scientific-research
institute of general and communal hygiene. Later in the 70-s similar
results were received for non-ionizing radiation and for EMF specifically.

Already first exploring researches at the beginning of the 70-s showed
that RF EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm2 disturbs antigen brain structure that
leads to appearing of sensibilized lymphocytes and autoimmune reactions
development.

In experiment with the goal of tissue antigen structure studying rats
were exposed to irradiation for fourteen days under RF EMF (2450 MHz)
with PFD 50 mcWt/cm2 (chart 1). Using method of active anaphylaxis with
desinsibilization the authors showed that antigen tissue content changed
after irradiation: in brain, liver, kidney, spleen, new antigens appear.
In this experiment they particularly studied dynamics of antibody
formation for brain tissue in RF EMF irradiated animals. Twenty-five
rats were taken for the experiment, twenty of which were irradiated with
RF EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_ for fourteen days. Serum of these rats and
of 5 control ones was investigated in complement binding reaction (CBR)
for content of antibodies for brain tissue of normal and irradiated
rats. The reaction was given before irradiation, right after it and every week
after EMF influence for a month. In plate 1 (chart 1) data on
complement binding reaction are given in rats of experimental groups
and of control one.

Complement binding reactions (CBR) in serum studies before irradiation
and in control animals were negative*. Experimental rats had antibodies
both for normal and changed in antigen brain tissue as a result of RF
EMF influence. The highest antibrain antibody titers were registered in
2-3 weeks after irradiation (titer logarithm was correspondingly 2,46 ±
2 and 2,51 ± 0,6). In four weeks antibody titer began to decrease, and
so did the amount of positive reactions. Formation of antibodies for
healthy tissue antigens occurred similarly though the titers were much
lower.

Thus already the beginning of research showed that RF EMF with PFD 50
mcWt/cm_ influence could bring to changes in tissue and serum albumen
antigen structure. These changes are characterized with appearing of a
new antigen feature that was unusual for normal albumen and with
disappearing of some normal antigens, i.e. tissue antigen structure
change happened. But this conclusion demanded its confirmation and
development. In this connection several experiments in more complex
modifications were carried out later.

An experiment was carried out with the aim to find antitissue
circulating antibodies in animals irradiated be EMF for a longer time
(30 days) using complement binding reaction CBR (chart 2). As an antigen
for the considered reaction the authors took 20% water-saline extract
(dilution 1:15) of brain tissue of healthy animals and animals that were
exposed with RF EMF for 30 days, 7 hours a day with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_.

In order to get antigen from irradiated brain tissue donor-animal brain
was used that were in the same conditions as the experimental animals.
Donors were killed right after irradiation finishing. The experiments
were given in three kinds of animals: rats, guinea pigs and rabbits.
Blood for complement binding reaction (CBR) was taken before and right
after irradiation finishing, and then in 2,4,6 and 8 weeks. The results
of this experiment in guinea pigs and rats are represented in plate 2.1
(chart 2). The investigators noticed that irradiation of animals
(guinea-pigs and rats) by RF EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_ brings to
violation of brain cell albumen structures and development of
circulating antibrain antibodies.

There was certain dynamics of this process showing from our point of
view a possible cumulation of the noticed effects in time after
irradiation. Guinea-pig antibody titer increased greatly after
irradiation finishing and reached its maximum in two weeks after it
(titer logarithm was 2,77 ± 0,04).

*A positive reaction was complement-binding reaction CBR if the antibody
titer was higher than 1:20; in control group this value was not determined.

Similar direction of complement binding reaction (CBR) changes was when
using healthy guinea-pig brain tissue as an antigen. But the antibody
titer height was lower and antibodies were found in fewer experimental
animals. Control guinea pigs had negative complement binding reactions
(CBR). Similar changes were found in rats (see plate 2.1, chart 2).
Though rabbits were exposed to radiation only for 10 days, the same CBR
changes dynamics was received as in guinea pigs and rats.

Thus experiments on guinea pigs, rats and rabbits showed statistically
reliably that antibodies for brain tissue appear in animals as a result
of chronic RF EMF exposure with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_. This process was
noticed also when using brain tissue of both irradiated and
non-irradiated animals as antigens. The highest complement-binding
antibody titers were on 10-14 days after irradiation.

The data of the next experiment show sufficient durability of this
process (chart 3). Using Yerne method in N. Kleparskaya's modification,
cellular autoimmune reaction was studied by determining the amount of
plaque-forming cells, synthesizing antybodies for their own red
corpuscles in blood. The experiment was carried out on guinea pigs and
white rats that were exposed to radiation for a month with PFD 50
mcWt/cm_. Yerne reaction was conducted before irradiation, right after
it and then in 2 and 4 weeks. The study results are given in plate 3.1
(chart 3).

The given data show that statistically important increase of
plaque-forming cells took place on the 2nd week after irradiation and
was rather stable. In 4 weeks after EMF influence the rate of these
cells was still high.

Attention should be paid to correlation in content of cells producing
antibodies for red corpuscles in blood and in increased circulating
antibody titer shown in the previous experiment (plate 2.1 chart 2) with
maximum changes in 2 weeks after irradiation.

Later the following experiment was carried out with the task of studying
damaging features of blood serum under RF EMF exposure on the basis of
changing in cell ability for phagocytosis (chart 4).

Fifteen guinea pigs were taken for the experiment that were exposed
to RF EMF for a month with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_. Phagocytosis reaction was
evaluated three times: before irradiation, in 2 and 4 weeks after its
finishing. Results of phagocytosis reaction in aftereffect period
(after irradiation finishing) are given in plate 4.1 (chart 4). The
mentioned data show that serum of EMF irradiated animal organism
brings expressed oppressive effect both to phagocytosis value and
phagocytosis index mark. This influence was especially expressed in 2
weeks after irradiation and kept for 2 weeks.

Summarizing these three experiments we can make a conclusion about
autoallergic character of the process under study in animals exposed to
low intensity RF EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_.

Later in repeated experiment (chart 5) rats were exposed to EMF for 7
hours daily for 30 days with PFD 50 and 500 mcWt/cm_. At the end of
irradiation basophile degranulation degree in blood serum,
plaque-forming cell rate and complement-binding antibody level was
evaluated. In complex these reactions were autoimmune process activity
indicator as they showed forming of complement-binding antibodies for
tissue antigen and forming of autoimmune hemolysis plaques.

25% water-saline extract of brain tissue of donor-animals irradiated
with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ for 30 days. This experiment results are given in
plate 5.1 (chart 5).

Analysis of results represented in plate 5.1 indicates that low
intensity EMF 500 and even 50 mcWt/cm_ for 30 days and 7 hours daily
facilitated forming of antibrain complement-binding autoantibodies level
of which was reliably higher than in control.

Even sharper differences from control were in basophile degranulation
degree that increased in 4,6 and 5,5 times (_<0,001) after
irradiation with PFD 50 and 500 mcWt/cm_ and in plaque-forming cell
quantity that increased in 5,5 and 10 times (_<0,001).

Brain, spleen, marrow and peripheral blood morphological research was
also carried out under the same conditions of animal RF EMF irradiation.
Spleen and marrow morphological research data after EMF irradiation with
500 mcWt/cm_ are represented in plate 6.1 (chart 6). Attention is paid
to the processes of differentiation and reproducing of
reticuloendotelium, blasts, lymphocytes and plasmatic cells.

As the data in plate 6.1 show, after animal irradiation with PFD 500
mcWt/cm_ reticuloendotelium cell quantity marrow increased 2,2 times and
in spleen about 2 times. Plasmatic cell quantity in marrow and in spleen
increased 4 times and small lymphocytes decreased in marrow for 40%. In
the group of animals exposed to EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_ only increase
of reticuloendotelium cell quantity in spleen was noticed that can
indicate some increase in reticuloendotelium system activity.

In the next experiment the model is reproduced that allows showing that
low intensity EMF are able to induce autoimmune reactions (chart 7). In
this experiment irradiated donor brain extract was inserted into healthy
animals. For immunization 25% water-saline resolution of brain tissue
extract of donor-animals exposed to microwaves with PFD 50 and 500
mcWt/cm_ for 30 days that contained 0/9 g/l albumen. Immunization scheme
provided six-time intraperitoneal brain tissue insertion every 24 hours.
In 2-3 weeks after immunization finishing animals were studied for
basophile degranulation degree, plaque-forming cell content and
complement-binding antibody rate. This experiment results are given in
plate 7.1 (chart 7). It is shown that in the group of animals immunized
with brain tissue of irradiated rats with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ all
indicators differ statistically reliably from the ones in control being
2 ½ 8 higher, that shows autoimmune reaction development in
experimental animals. Intact rats' immunization with brain tissue of
donor-animals exposed to EMF with PFD 50 mcWt/cm_ didn't bring to
development of firm autoimmune pathology. Significant changes were
noticed only in 2 weeks in basophile degranulation degree indicator (see
data in plate 7.1).

Thus insertion of brain tissue of rats exposed to microwaves with PFD
500 mcWt/cm_ to intact animals induces in them autoimmune reactions. 50
mcWt/cm_ exposure induces less expressed immune reaction.

As we mentioned before, according to the literature data the evidence of
autoimmune nature of this or that status induced by an exogenous factor
is transfer of this status into another organism with the help of
lymphoid cells (Vitebsky E. Immunology and immunopathology modern
problems. M. Medicina 1970, pp. 129-137).

Essence of adaptive immunity phenomenon is that immunologically active
tissue continues to function immunologically being transferred into
another host. According to F.Bernet's theory "excluded" cell clones
exercise immunology aggression against normal tissues (F.Bernet.
Cellular immunology. M.: Mir,543 p.). And haematogenous tissue in
contrast with other tissue under replanting stimulates immune response
of recipient remaining inert and immune-competent cells are able
themselves to respond to recipient (Petrov R.V. Immunology and
immunogenetics. _.: Medicine, 1976 336p.).

Reasoning from these notions the following experiment was carried out
(chart 8). Experiments were given on male Fisher rats. On the first
stage preparation of the donor-animals was exercised (12 rats) that were
exposed to RF EMF radiation with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ for 15 days, 7 hours
daily. The same amount of animals was in control group ("false"
irradiation). After irradiation finishing immunological indicators of
animals were studied, then they were killed, brain was taken for
histological studies and lymphatic glands were extracted for preparation
of lymphoid cell soliquid.

On the second stage lymphoid cells amounting 5 106 in 1 ml were inserted
intraperitoneally into 12 animal recipient from irradiated rats
(experiment) and into 12 rats from "false-irradiated" animals (control).
In 6 days after soliquid insertion brain immunological research was
carried out.

The following indicators (A) of donors' and recipients' humoral
immunity were studied:
- basophile degranulation degree;
- plaque-forming cell quantity;
- complement-binding antibody rate in complement consumption
reaction (25% water-saline extract of not irradiated animal brain
tissue was used as antigen). Among cellular immunity indicators (B)
lymphocyte blasttransformation reaction was also studied.

The results of irradiation of donor-animals by RF EMF with PFD 500
mcWt/cm_ for 15 days were the following: antibodies for brain tissue
appeared, basophile degranulation degree increased a lot, plaque-foming
cell quantity increased 4-5 times in peripheral blood, two-times
oppression of both spontaneous blastforming and one modified by
different mitogens (phytohemagglytinin (FGA) and concanavalin-A (CON-A)
occurred. These data are given in plate 8.1 (chart 8).

In brain histological study nidal soft brain sheath loosening, its
moderate plethora, nucleus ectopy and their irregular form in some
sensomotor bark neurocytes and cerebellum ganlionic layer cells were
noticed. Most animals had microglia proliferation and some vascular
reactions.

In this repeated experiment same results were received as in monthly
irradiation that I represented before, i.e. previous research results
were confirmed on possible stimulation of autoimmune processes in animal
organisms exposed to RF EMF with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ against cellular
immunity oppression.

Thus the represented results in experiments with insertion of
immunecompetent cells from animals exposed to irradiation with PFD 500
mcWt/cm_ for 15 days to recipients (plate 8.1 chart 8) indicate the
development of autoimmune reactions and antibody formation against
normal brain tissue in them. Basophile degranulation degree
significantly grew, plaque-forming cell and complement-binding antibody
quantity rose, lymphocyte blastforming process was oppressed. In
histological study of experimental animal-recipient brain insignificant
changes were noticed in different brain structures.

Immune deficiency in lymphocyte thymusdependant cell population
(cellular immunity status) plays an important role in
autosensibilization. In experiment with rats under their long
irradiation with EMF 2375 MHz for a month, 7 hours daily with PFD 50 and
500 mcWt/cm_ significant oppression occurred of rat peripheral blood
T-lymphocyte blasttransformation that was more expressed in a higher PFD
level (plate 9.1. chart 9). Under 500 mcWt/cm_ function restoration
didn't take place even in 3 months of afterwards observation.

EMF influence on pregnancy development, foetus and posterity

It's known that natural tolerance in foetus development antenatal period
forms only against its own antigens accessible for immunecompetent
cells. Speaking of the antigens of organs, that are isolated in
embryogenesis and not available for immune system, there is no
immunological tolerance.
In case of appearing of such antigens in circulation of grown-up
organisms immune reaction with antitissue antigen and sensibilized
autoaggressive lymphocyte accumulation develops. Such "over-barrier"
organs and systems include also brain. Antigens contained in brain are
able to induce immune reactions when inserting in blood of their own
organism, as they are alien for their own immune system.

In the experiment on Wistar rats' low intensity RF EMF influence (500
mcWt/cm_) was researched on possible development of autoimmune reaction
in pregnant female rats (chart 10). It was received that non-irradiated
animal pregnancy development doesn't bring to significant appearing of
antibodies in blood. Percentage of plaque-forming cells was 1,1±0,2, at
the same time their content in peripheral blood of irradiated females
increased by the pregnancy end in 6,5 times and reached 7,3 ±1,5 %
(plate 10.1, chart 10).

Peripheral blood basophile indirect degranulation reaction data also
point out to pregnant rat autosensibilization development. It was shown
that when using foetus liver as antigen basophile degranulation degree
increases in pregnant rat exposed to EMF irradiation (experiment
56,7±2,6 %, control 12,9 ±1,9 %).

Pregnant female irradiation brings also to non-specific oppression of
immunogenesis apparatus as a whole that can be seen in almost two-times
decrease of immunecompetent cell ability to stimulation under influence
of lymphocyte FGA blasttransformation (see plate 10.1).

Thus EMF influence with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ during the whole rat pregnancy
period brought to oppression of non-specific immunogenesis, antibody
formation increase against foetus tissues and also led to autoimmune
reaction stimulation in pregnant female organism.

Experiments were carried out on evaluation of possible influence on
foetus development and posterity status of autoimmune processes in
pregnant female organism under RF EMF effect (chart 11). Donor-rats were
exposed to EMF (2375 MHz) for 30 days, 7 hours daily, with PFD 500
mcWt/cm_. After determination of antiliver antibodies in serum it was
intraperitoneally inserted into rats on the 10th day of pregnancy. The
received data are summarized in plate 11. Thus fall amount, posterity
number decreased and the amount of females with amblosis. Embryo
mortality was significant (28 %) and missed in control. Significantly
higher posterity mortality was noticed for the end of the 1st month of
life (30,7 % compared to 17,1 % in control).

Thus EMF irradiation with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ brings to appearing of
circulating autoantibodies directed against foetus tissue, i.e. mother
and foetus immunology conflict condition develops, that leads to
expressed unfavorable effects in posterity.

In some other works cellular immunity of posterity from parents
irradiated by RF EMF with PFD in the range of 10-500 mcWt/cm_ was
studied (chart 12). The results of these works indicated that both
foetus and posterity had blastformation process oppression for the next
4 months. Non-irradiated females' foetus (in control) blastforming
lymphocyte percentage was 24 ±1,4, and under exposure with PFD 500
mcWt/cm_ it decreased four times indicating significant oppression of
their blastformation process (plate 12.1).

Data on lymphocyte blasttransformation quantity in young rats of
different ages (1-4 months) under different ranges of low intensity EMF
effect (PFD 10, 50 _ 500 mcWt/cm_) on pregnant females are given in
plate 12.2. These data show distinctly that posterity of irradiated
females with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_ in all study times for 4 months had
peripheral blood lymphocyte blasttransformation process oppression. The
authors noticed also cellular differentiation violations in posterity of
white rats irradiated by EMF with PFD 500 mcWt/cm_.

Thus the represented materials of a small part of experiments bring us
to a single conclusion that long RF EMF effect (2375-2450 MHz) on
experimental animals in the range of PFD 50-500 mcWt/cm_ (when the role
of the so called thermal effect is absolutely insignificant) brings to
appearing of distinct stable bioeffects.

On the basis of results of experimental studies for the latest 30 years
and the received distinct repeated true results under RF EMF chronic
influence standardization strategy in the USSR and later in Russia in
this frequency range was and still is built on the following principles:

1. Acute one-time RF EMF irradiation bioeffects are taken into account
in the nearest period with different PFD values (thermal and
non-thermal mechanisms).
2. Chronic low intensity EMF exposure results on experimental animals
are considered, and so are results of clinical-physiological
observations and hygienic studies in controlled conditions.
3. Influencing factor rate is admitted unfavorable if there is
reliable deviation of any vitally important organism function that
leaves the limits of physiological swings of this function and is
firmly kept for the period of chronic influence and after its cessation.
4. Reduction of adaptation abilities of the organism and its
regulations shown with the help of functional physiological and
extreme loads is considered as dangerous one.
5. Fractional part of electromagnetic field minimum rate able to
induce any reaction exceeding normal adaptive response of the
organism in certain EMF influence conditions is taken for limit
allowable level for population. This influence should not cause even
temporary homeostasis violation (including reproduction function) and
protective and adaptation-compensatory mechanism tension either in
the nearest or in the remote time period.

Exactly from these positions the received data represented already by
myself and those that will be represented by doctors L.Tomashevskaya,
V.Nikitina and N.Rubtsova were evaluated by the specialists in the USSR
(Russia).

There is one more aspect of this problem. Whether we can use SAR concept
for such low PFD (100-500 mcWt/cm_) that still has been actively
incorporated in working out of standards and hazard evaluation? And if
we also take into consideration the great role of EMF modulation in
bioeffects developing and strengthening it becomes clear why the issue
of this concept revision is so often raised in some European countries
and in the USA. (W. Ross Adey, 1999). From Paper by W. Ross Adey (Review
of Radio Science, 1996-1999. Oxford Univ.Press,1999, pp 845-872):
"Observation of these modulation frequency - dependent bioeffects would
appear to raise significant question concerning validity of continued
use of thermally based Specific Absorbtion Rate (SAR) as a universally
valid predictor of bioeffects atributable to RF field exposure. It is
clearly a blanket measure blind to specifics of field characteristics
that may be critical determinats of the biological response in many
athermal exposures".

Thank you very much for your attention!


Informant: Don Maisch


SPANISH COURT ORDERS TELEPHONE MAST REMOVAL

Communications firm vows to appeal against precedent-setting judgement

THE WEEK IN REVIEW (ISSUES 1016-1020)
A summary of Environment Daily stories published Monday 25 June to
Friday 29 June 2001
Environment Daily 1020, 29/06/01

A Spanish mobile telephone operator is to appeal against a judge's
decision last week ordering the removal on health grounds of a mobile
phone transmitter from the roof of a residential building.

Thought to be the first decision of its kind in the EU, the judgement
made at a court in Bizkaia, northern Spain, requires mobile telephone
operator Airtel to remove the equipment until it can demonstrate that
the radiation emitted poses no health risks to residents in the building.

The judge decided that "reasonable grounds exist for suspecting that
the radiation from the transmitter is not innocuous to people
permanently exposed to its effects". Residents had previously agreed
to installation of the equipment in return for financial compensation
from the company.

A spokesperson for Airtel told Environment Daily that the company will
appeal against the verdict "to the Supreme Court if necessary to
prevent the decision establishing a legal precedent". A company
statement described the decision as "the first time in Europe a court
has ordered the removal of a legally-installed transmitter". A
spokesperson for GSM Europe, which promotes international mobile
telephone communication, said she had no knowledge of any other European
court passing a similar judgement.

Follow-up: Airtel http://www.airtel.es/, tel: +34 60 713 3333; GSM
http://www.gsmworld.com/, tel: +44 20 75 18 05 30.


Environment Daily. ISSN 1463-1776
Published by Environmental Data Services (ENDS)
Also on the web, at http://www.environmentdaily.com
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Post: 40 Bowling Green Lane, London EC1R 0NE, UK


Informant: Robert Riedlinger: message from Manuel Nuno Alcada to Roy
Beavers


Re: NTSB-Cell Phone Use and Novice Drivers

In Ireland, it is illegal (and rightly so) for any driver to use a hand
held cellphone when driving.

Informant: intuition


O.T.
Petition To Help Animals on U.S. National Lands
http://www.care2.com/go/z/6431


Blair aide concedes error on Iraq dossier
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A33992-2003Jun26.html

Delusions of empire
http://slate.msn.com/id/2084881/

My America vs the Empire
http://www.counterpunch.org/

Biotech woes ... and the culprits
http://cei.org/gencon/019,03538.cfm

Informant: Thomas L. Knapp


Citizens' Initiative Omega
http://www.grn.es/electropolucio/00omega.htm
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